How many modes of air transport
一、 Flight transportationA flight refers to an aircraft that sails regularly, sets a route, a departure station, a destination port, and a transit station. General airlines use the passenger cargo hybrid aircraft (Combination Carrier). On the one hand, it carries passengers, on the other hand, it carries a small amount of goods. However, some large airlines have opened regular cargo flights on some flights, using All Cargo Carriers for transportation.
Characteristics of flight transportation:
1. Due to the fixed route, fixed port of call and regular flight, the international cargo circulation mostly uses the liner transportation mode, which can safely and quickly reach the world's various space destinations.
3. Airline transportation is generally a mixture of passengers and cargoes. Therefore, due to the limited space, large quantities of goods cannot be shipped in time, and they often need to be transported by stages and batches. This is the shortage of air transportation.
二、 Chartered Carrier
The mode of chartered transport can be divided into two categories: whole chartered aircraft and part chartered aircraft.
1. Packaged machine
(1) That is to say, the whole aircraft is chartered, which means that the airline leases the whole aircraft to the charterer according to the conditions and costs agreed with the charterer in advance, and then ships the goods from one or several airports to the destination.
(2) The charterer shall generally contact the airline one month before the cargo is loaded, so that the airline can arrange the transportation, apply to the airport of departure and landing and relevant government departments, and handle the relevant formalities of transit or entry.
(3) The cost of charter flights is discussed one at a time, and changes with the supply and demand of the international market. In principle, the charter fee is charged at a fixed rate per flight kilometer, and the air release fee is charged at 80% of the cost per flight kilometer. Therefore, when using chartered planes for large quantities of goods, we should strive for goods to be loaded on both the return and return trips, so that the cost is relatively low. Only one way is used, and the freight is relatively high.
(1) Several air freight companies or shippers jointly charter an aircraft or the airline sells the space of an aircraft to several air freight companies to load cargo. It's just a part of charter flights. It is used for the simulation of less than one whole aircraft cabin. However, heavy cargo transportation.
(2) Comparison between some chartered flights and flights
① The time is comparable to that of the captain. Although some chartered flights have fixed schedules, they often cannot take off on time due to other reasons;
② In order to protect the interests of domestic airlines, governments often impose various restrictions on foreign airlines engaged in charter business. If the scope of chartered flights is relatively narrow, the landing site is limited. If it is necessary to land at a place other than the designated place, you must apply to the relevant department of the local government for permission before landing (such as applying for entry, passing through airspace and landing place).
三、 Consolidation
1. Concept of centralized consignment
It refers to the practice of collecting several bills of goods shipped separately to the same direction as a single bill of goods, and filling in a master waybill to ship to the same destination.
2. Specific practices of centralized consignment
(1) Prepare air transport waybill for each cargo, that is, issue the waybill HAWB of the freight forwarder.
(2) All goods shall be divided into different directions and centralized according to the same country and city with the same destination to formulate the general waybill MAWB of the airline. The consignor and consignee of the general waybill are both air freight forwarders.
(3) Print the freight list under the general waybill, that is, how many sub waybills are there in the general waybill, what are the numbers, the number of pieces, the weight, etc.
(4) Give the master waybill and freight list to the airline as a whole cargo. A general waybill can be attached with a partial waybill depending on the specific situation of the goods (it can also be a partial waybill or multiple partial waybills).
(5) After the goods arrive at the airport of the destination station, the local freight forwarding company, as the consignee of the general waybill, is responsible for receiving and distributing the goods, formulating their own customs declaration documents according to different waybills, and acting as the customs agent for customs declaration, and handling relevant customs matters for the actual consignee. The consignor handles matters related to receiving and delivering goods.
(6) After the actual consignee signs on the waybill, the freight forwarding company at the destination will feed back the arrival information to the freight forwarding company that delivered the goods.
(1) Centralized consignment is only suitable for ordinary goods. For goods with graded freight rates, such as valuables, dangerous goods, live animals and cultural relics, centralized consignment cannot be handled.
(2) If the destination is the same or near, it can be handled. If it is in a certain country or region, it is not suitable for others. For example, goods to Japan cannot be shipped to Europe.
四、 Intermodal mode
1. Concept of combined transport mode
Land air combined transport is a combined transport mode of trains, planes and trucks. It is called TAT (Train Air Truck) for short, or TA (Train Air) for short.
2. Intermodal transportation mode of domestic export goods
China's air cargo exports are usually transported by land and air. China's international air ports mainly include Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc. Although provincial capital cities and some major cities have flights to Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou every day, the amount of cargo carried by flights is limited and the cost is relatively high. If domestic charter flights are used, the cost will be more expensive. Therefore, when the cargo volume is large, it is often transported by land to the airport and then connected with international flights. Due to the mobility and flexibility of automobiles, they can take the initiative in transportation time. Therefore, "TAT" mode is generally used to organize transportation.
At present, the outward transport branch in the south of the Yangtze River in China handles the land air combined transport by train, truck or ship to Hong Kong, and then uses the conditions of more flights in Hong Kong and lower freight rates in Europe and the United States (common goods) to transport the goods from Hong Kong to the destination, or to the transit place, and then through the local agent, to the destination by truck. Companies in the north of the Yangtze River mostly use trains or trucks to transport goods to Beijing and Shanghai air ports.
Remarks: The above content is only an internal opinion and is for reference only.